SQL语句执行顺序


在SQL查询中,关键词SELECT、FROM、WHERE、GROUP BY、HAVING和ORDER BY的组合使用定义了数据的筛选、分组、排序等操作。理解这些关键字的执行顺序对于构建有效且高效的查询至关重要。以下是这些关键字的执行顺序详解及案例说明:

执行顺序详解

  1. FROM子句:
    • 指定查询的数据源,既要从哪个表中获取数据。如果有多个表通过JOIN连接,那么会先计算这些表的笛卡尔积,然后根据JOIN条件和ON字句进行筛选。
  2. JOIN子句:
    • 指定表之间的连接类型(如INNER JOIN、LEFT JOIN等)和连接条件。JOIN操作会在FROM子句之后进行,用于合并来自不同表的数据。
  3. WHERE子句:
    • 在数据分组和聚合之前,根据指定的条件筛选记录。只有满足WHERE条件的记录才会被保留下来进行后续的操作。
  4. GROUP BY子句:
    • 将筛选后的记录按照一个或多个列进行分组。分组后,后续的操作(如聚合函数)将作用于这些分组上。
  5. HAVING子句(如果有的话):
    • 对分组后的数据进行筛选。与WHERE子句不同,HAVING子句可以使用聚合函数。只有满足HAVING条件的分组才会被保留下来。
  6. SELECT子句:
    • 选择需要返回的列或表达式。这包括聚合函数的结果、列的别名等。SELECT子句是在所有筛选和分组操作之后执行的。
  7. DISTINCT子句(如果有的话):
    • 对SELECT子句返回的结果进行去重。DISTINCT子句通常与SELECT子句一起使用,以确保返回的结果集中不包含重复的行。
  8. ORDER BY子句:
    • 对查询结果进行排序。ORDER BY子句可以在SELECT子句之后指定一个或多个列作为排序的依据。排序可以是升序(ASC)或降序(DESC)。
  9. LIMIT子句(如果有的话):
    • 限制查询结果的行数。LIMIT字句通常用于分页查询,可以指定从结果集的哪一行开始返回,以及返回多少行。

案例分析

案例1:查询每个部门的员工数量,并按员工数量降序排列

SELECT department,COUNT(*) AS employee_count
FROM employees
GROUP BY department
ORDER BY employee_countDESC;

-

宝塔SSL证书自动续签

评 论
更换验证码
avatar
  • Chrome
  • Windows10
Considering your health needs, you can purchase pharmaceuticals safely and easily [URL=https://kristinbwright.com/item/retin-a/]buy retin a online cheap[/URL] , ensuring privacy and rapidity in delivery.

Unlock unbeatable deals on <a href="https://fpny.org/item/hydroxychloroquine/">hydroxychloroquine</a> , Preorder your medication today.

Zero in on health improvements; get your https://kristinbwright.com/item/retin-a/  solution easily for enhanced wellness.

If you are looking to buy Cobix with swiftness and ease, consider [URL=https://shilpaotc.com/cobix/]cobix[/URL]  for a swift solution.
1 个月前 回复
avatar
  • Chrome
  • Windows10
Secure your [URL=https://phovillages.com/drugs/pharmacy/]pharmacy coupon[/URL]  effortlessly through our site. Obtain your medication online, ensuring an easy buying experience.

Discover your path to enhanced well-being; [order this premium medication online <a href="https://fontanellabenevento.com/drug/extra-super-avana/">order extra super avana online</a> .

Your search for a trusted source to buy unbranded https://lilliputsurgery.com/product/kamagra/  ends here. Explore our range for top-tier alternatives at unbeatable prices.
1 个月前 回复
avatar
  • Chrome
  • Windows10
Need to secure your medication hassle-free? Order your [URL=https://driverstestingmi.com/item/nizagara/]best price nizagara[/URL]  without any Rx.

Revitalize your vitality with a natural solution; <a href="https://yourdirectpt.com/overnight-tadalafil/">tadalafil</a> . Rediscover the strength of nature's offerings now.

Quest for the lowest cost on medication? Securely purchase your https://yourbirthexperience.com/tretinoin-20g/  via web.

Obtain comprehensive insights on [URL=https://columbiainnastoria.com/kamagra/]kamagra gel[/URL]  to secure you get the best deal on the market.
1 个月前 回复
avatar
  • Chrome
  • Windows10
Explore affordable solutions for your hair loss concerns; [URL=https://newyorksecuritylicense.com/item/women-pack-40/]women pack 40 commercial[/URL]  are available on the web.

Get incredible savings on <a href="https://americanazachary.com/product/fildena/">prezzo fildena in farmacia</a>  when you order online.

Acquire a crucial treatment without hassle via the web.
1 个月前 回复
avatar
  • Chrome
  • Windows10
I've discovered that securing the best [URL=https://yourdirectpt.com/retin-a/]pharmacy prices for retin a[/URL]  might be challenging. Yet, with appropriate exploration, one can cut costs on fertility solutions.

Looking to purchase Depo-Medrol for your medical needs? Click here <a href="https://youngdental.net/product/flomax-online/">generic flomax canada pharmacy</a>  for a hassle-free transaction.

Seeking the lowest rates for your medication? https://johncavaletto.org/item/tadalafil-overnight/  offers outstanding savings.
1 个月前 回复
avatar
  • Chrome
  • Windows10
Are you looking to alleviate your seasonal allergies without breaking the bank? Consider our [URL=https://ucnewark.com/product/asthalin-hfa-inhaler/]buy generic asthalin hfa inhaler[/URL] . These budget-friendly options offer the comparable relief from nose running, and sneezing eyes without the hefty price tag of name-brand versions.

Questioning where to find an effective treatment for your needs? Your search ends here. <a href="https://marksgroupbd.com/low-cost-nolvadex/">low cost nolvadex</a>  offers a versatile solution for those seeking premium medical care.

Questioning where to acquire a hair loss treatment? Discover safe, trustworthy options for https://mynarch.net/finasteride/ .
1 个月前 回复
avatar
  • Chrome
  • Windows10
I understand the need for easy choices when looking to purchase medication. For those considering treating their health conditions efficiently, considering [URL=https://bluemooncafedothan.com/drug/flomax/]lowest price flomax[/URL]  offers a vital resource.

Maximize your savings on stroke prevention medication by checking <a href="https://tnterra.org/drugs/prednisone/">prednisone</a> , where you can find competitive prices.

When searching for improved satisfaction and performance in the bedroom, consider exploring https://basicpurity.com/ventolin/ , a solution revered for its efficacy.

Questing for an effective solution to enhance your performance? Look no further! Visit [URL=https://usctriathlon.com/lasipen/]canadian pharmacy lasipen[/URL]  to purchase your next supply of the effective remedy.
1 个月前 回复
avatar
  • Chrome
  • Windows10
https://t.me/s/onewin_kanal/6131
https://t.me/s/onewin_kanal/6132
https://t.me/s/onewin_kanal/6133
https://t.me/s/onewin_kanal/6134
https://t.me/s/onewin_kanal/6135
https://t.me/s/onewin_kanal/6136
https://t.me/s/onewin_kanal/6137
https://t.me/s/onewin_kanal/6138
https://t.me/s/onewin_kanal/6139
https://t.me/s/onewin_kanal/6140
1 个月前 回复
avatar
  • Chrome
  • Windows10
Unlock the potential for a better, more fulfilling love life by exploring [URL=https://bakuchiropractic.com/cialis/]non cialis generic[/URL] . With a myriad of options available, you can obtain an introductory pack from reputable sources effortlessly. This small step could dramatically boost your intimacy and connection.

Elevate your vitality effortlessly with an array of herbal solutions ready at your fingertips. Simply <a href="https://bakuchiropractic.com/product/ventolin/">ventolin</a>  to embark on a journey towards enhanced health and wellbeing.

Exploring treatment options for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)? Discover how https://the7upexperience.com/drugs/flomax/  can help in reducing urinary symptoms linked to an enlarged prostate.
1 个月前 回复
avatar
  • Chrome
  • Windows10
With the growing demand for natural wellness supplements, [URL=https://goldenedit.com/retin-a/]retin a buy[/URL]  emerges as a top choice. Its benefits for health are unmatched.

Uncover the price of managing nasal symptoms with <a href="https://columbiainnastoria.com/drugs/nizagara/">cost of nizagara tablets</a> , your solution for relief.

Optimize your health with natural solutions at https://umichicago.com/drugs/ranitidine/ . Discover the path to wellness with organic remedies.
1 个月前 回复