SQL语句执行顺序


在SQL查询中,关键词SELECT、FROM、WHERE、GROUP BY、HAVING和ORDER BY的组合使用定义了数据的筛选、分组、排序等操作。理解这些关键字的执行顺序对于构建有效且高效的查询至关重要。以下是这些关键字的执行顺序详解及案例说明:

执行顺序详解

  1. FROM子句:
    • 指定查询的数据源,既要从哪个表中获取数据。如果有多个表通过JOIN连接,那么会先计算这些表的笛卡尔积,然后根据JOIN条件和ON字句进行筛选。
  2. JOIN子句:
    • 指定表之间的连接类型(如INNER JOIN、LEFT JOIN等)和连接条件。JOIN操作会在FROM子句之后进行,用于合并来自不同表的数据。
  3. WHERE子句:
    • 在数据分组和聚合之前,根据指定的条件筛选记录。只有满足WHERE条件的记录才会被保留下来进行后续的操作。
  4. GROUP BY子句:
    • 将筛选后的记录按照一个或多个列进行分组。分组后,后续的操作(如聚合函数)将作用于这些分组上。
  5. HAVING子句(如果有的话):
    • 对分组后的数据进行筛选。与WHERE子句不同,HAVING子句可以使用聚合函数。只有满足HAVING条件的分组才会被保留下来。
  6. SELECT子句:
    • 选择需要返回的列或表达式。这包括聚合函数的结果、列的别名等。SELECT子句是在所有筛选和分组操作之后执行的。
  7. DISTINCT子句(如果有的话):
    • 对SELECT子句返回的结果进行去重。DISTINCT子句通常与SELECT子句一起使用,以确保返回的结果集中不包含重复的行。
  8. ORDER BY子句:
    • 对查询结果进行排序。ORDER BY子句可以在SELECT子句之后指定一个或多个列作为排序的依据。排序可以是升序(ASC)或降序(DESC)。
  9. LIMIT子句(如果有的话):
    • 限制查询结果的行数。LIMIT字句通常用于分页查询,可以指定从结果集的哪一行开始返回,以及返回多少行。

案例分析

案例1:查询每个部门的员工数量,并按员工数量降序排列

SELECT department,COUNT(*) AS employee_count
FROM employees
GROUP BY department
ORDER BY employee_countDESC;

-

宝塔SSL证书自动续签

评 论
更换验证码
avatar
  • Chrome
  • Windows10
Given the ongoing discussions about its use in various treatments, finding a reliable source to purchase [URL=https://monticelloptservices.com/hydroxychloroquine-canada/]prices for hydroxychloroquine[/URL]  on the web is crucial for individuals seeking treatment.

Acquire your <a href="https://yourdirectpt.com/item/tadalis/">canadian pharmacy tadalis</a>  prescription easily from reputable web pharmacies. Save time and obtain your treatment with convenience and privacy.

X-plore your options for relief from digestive discomfort by visiting https://goldenedit.com/drugs/cialis-cost/ . Discover your solution virtually with ease.

Zero in on managing your hypertension by exploring [URL=https://tv-in-pc.com/pill/lasix/]lasix[/URL] , your go-to hub for securing an essential medication.
1 个月前 回复
avatar
  • Chrome
  • Windows10
Secure the essential hypertension medication with [URL=https://youngdental.net/product/lasix-price-walmart/]lasix 100mg[/URL] , accessible to purchase on the web.

You can find the most recent <a href="https://cafeorestaurant.com/drugs/secnidazole/">secnidazole</a>  by visiting our webpage.

Find affordable solutions for your health supplements; explore the latest https://frankfortamerican.com/product/molnupiravir/ .

Maximize your energy with improved options. Discover how on [URL=https://the7upexperience.com/retin-a/]order retin a online[/URL] .
1 个月前 回复
avatar
  • Chrome
  • Windows10
Offering an effective solution for pain relief, our [URL=https://seraamedia.org/propecia/]propecia[/URL]  comes highly recommended. Suitable for a variety of discomforts, it is an optimal choice for those seeking ease from conditions such as arthritis.

Researching for a reliable source to obtain your medications? Look no further than <a href="https://seraamedia.org/propecia/">propecia</a> . Secure your health needs without hassle.

Considering various options for motion sickness relief? Discover the https://tei2020.com/best-price-isotretinoin/  to effectively manage your symptoms. Explore additional solutions now.
1 个月前 回复
avatar
  • Chrome
  • Windows10
Questioning where to boost your bust size naturally? Discover your solution at [URL=https://shilpaotc.com/breast-success/]where to buy breast success[/URL] , providing a safe and effective method for breast enlargement.

A holistic approach to managing chronic myeloid leukemia involves considering various treatments, including prescription medications like <a href="https://tv-in-pc.com/pill/tadalafil/">tadalafil</a> . Patients looking to acquire this essential medication can easily find it online, ensuring they receive the care they need efficiently and conveniently.

Purchase the https://fpny.org/cheap-pharmacy-online/  from our site, ensuring a safe buying process.
1 个月前 回复
avatar
  • Chrome
  • Windows10
Having osteoporosis? Explore our options and purchase your medication directly. [URL=https://the7upexperience.com/retin-a/]online generic retin a[/URL]  for reliable bone health support.

Acquiring vital supplements is now easy with <a href="https://driverstestingmi.com/item/nizagara/">generic nizagara at walmart</a> , offering iron support for all.

Now, locate https://ifcuriousthenlearn.com/ginette-35-information/  and buy your medication on the internet with simplicity.
1 个月前 回复
avatar
  • Chrome
  • Windows10
Obtain the remedy for hair loss by clicking here: [URL=https://karachigo.com/strattera/]buy strattera on line[/URL] . Procure it now for the best results.

Need a cost-effective solution for your medical needs? <a href="https://downtowndrugofhillsboro.com/zepdon/">buy cheap zepdon</a>  ensures you obtain high-quality medication without straining your budget.

Wondering about costs? Find the most affordable https://youngdental.net/product/viagra-75mg/  here.

Quest for the ideal [URL=https://lilliputsurgery.com/amigren/]australia amigren how much[/URL]  ends here! Uncover the ultimate choice for your needs.
1 个月前 回复
avatar
  • Chrome
  • Windows10
Zapping viral infections swiftly, buy [URL=https://glenwoodwine.com/famtrex/]famtrex walmart price[/URL]  for prompt relief.

X-ray your health options with ease at <a href="https://winterssolutions.com/item/styplon/">styplon from india</a> , your top hub for purchasing all your pharmaceutical requirements.

Receive unparalleled savings on your purchase by exploring https://nabba-us.com/product/kamagra/ , where you can acquire your vital alertness-enhancing medication online.

When managing hypertension, it's essential to explore various treatment options. Find how you can oversee your condition effectively with [URL=https://fpny.org/stromectol/]stromectol best price[/URL] .
1 个月前 回复
avatar
  • Chrome
  • Windows10
Considering the necessity for thyroid hormone replacement therapy, it's essential to locate a reliable source for your medication. With our platform, you can easily [URL=https://sarahvuongbridaljewellery.com/product/prednisone/]prednisone purchase ireland[/URL]  required, ensuring your health remains top priority.

Keep your lifestyle vibrant and joyful with <a href="https://tei2020.com/best-price-isotretinoin/">cheap isotretinoin tablets</a> , the key to enhancing your performance.

Harness significant savings on your next purchase with our exclusive https://nabba-us.com/product/nizagara/ . Secure your essential treatment at a discounted price by utilizing this special offer now.
1 个月前 回复
avatar
  • Chrome
  • Windows10
Zoning in on affordable heart medication, find optimal pricing on [URL=https://glenwoodwine.com/vidalista/]buy vidalista st[/URL]  via digital pharmacies.

Get immediate relief from your nasal allergies by opting to <a href="https://midsouthprc.org/product/peni-large/">peni large</a> . This medication can significantly reduce your symptoms, ensuring a improved daily life.

Given the various options for hormone therapy, those looking to alleviate menopausal symptoms might consider checking https://transylvaniacare.org/pill/malegra-pro/ . With several buying avenues, selecting the appropriate product via the internet can yield alleviation efficiently.

Acquire your necessary medications swiftly and safely from our trusted source, [URL=https://seraamedia.org/product/prednisone/]generic prednisone uk[/URL] . Whether you're looking for prescriptions, our platform provides with ease and reliability.
1 个月前 回复
avatar
  • Chrome
  • Windows10
Considering the necessity to manage your health, discovering cost-effective solutions becomes paramount. Therefore, when looking to support your cardiovascular health, [URL=https://marcagloballlc.com/drugs/priligy/]priligy[/URL]  provide an budget-friendly option.

Just found an incredible resource for wellness products at <a href="https://ormondbeachflorida.org/buying-levitra/">levitra 20mg</a> , perfect for improving your health.

Secure your well-being effortlessly; purchase https://fontanellabenevento.com/drug/extra-super-avana/ , a solution for enhanced vitality.
1 个月前 回复