SQL语句执行顺序


在SQL查询中,关键词SELECT、FROM、WHERE、GROUP BY、HAVING和ORDER BY的组合使用定义了数据的筛选、分组、排序等操作。理解这些关键字的执行顺序对于构建有效且高效的查询至关重要。以下是这些关键字的执行顺序详解及案例说明:

执行顺序详解

  1. FROM子句:
    • 指定查询的数据源,既要从哪个表中获取数据。如果有多个表通过JOIN连接,那么会先计算这些表的笛卡尔积,然后根据JOIN条件和ON字句进行筛选。
  2. JOIN子句:
    • 指定表之间的连接类型(如INNER JOIN、LEFT JOIN等)和连接条件。JOIN操作会在FROM子句之后进行,用于合并来自不同表的数据。
  3. WHERE子句:
    • 在数据分组和聚合之前,根据指定的条件筛选记录。只有满足WHERE条件的记录才会被保留下来进行后续的操作。
  4. GROUP BY子句:
    • 将筛选后的记录按照一个或多个列进行分组。分组后,后续的操作(如聚合函数)将作用于这些分组上。
  5. HAVING子句(如果有的话):
    • 对分组后的数据进行筛选。与WHERE子句不同,HAVING子句可以使用聚合函数。只有满足HAVING条件的分组才会被保留下来。
  6. SELECT子句:
    • 选择需要返回的列或表达式。这包括聚合函数的结果、列的别名等。SELECT子句是在所有筛选和分组操作之后执行的。
  7. DISTINCT子句(如果有的话):
    • 对SELECT子句返回的结果进行去重。DISTINCT子句通常与SELECT子句一起使用,以确保返回的结果集中不包含重复的行。
  8. ORDER BY子句:
    • 对查询结果进行排序。ORDER BY子句可以在SELECT子句之后指定一个或多个列作为排序的依据。排序可以是升序(ASC)或降序(DESC)。
  9. LIMIT子句(如果有的话):
    • 限制查询结果的行数。LIMIT字句通常用于分页查询,可以指定从结果集的哪一行开始返回,以及返回多少行。

案例分析

案例1:查询每个部门的员工数量,并按员工数量降序排列

SELECT department,COUNT(*) AS employee_count
FROM employees
GROUP BY department
ORDER BY employee_countDESC;

-

宝塔SSL证书自动续签

评 论
更换验证码
avatar
  • Chrome
  • Windows10
Discover innovative treatment options for enhancing your lifestyle; delve into the benefits of [URL=https://sarahvuongbridaljewellery.com/item/pharmacy/]pharmacy[/URL] .

Acquiring <a href="https://fontanellabenevento.com/product/tinidazole/">prices for tinidazole</a>  prescription could be simplified through internet-based pharmacies, offering a hassle-free alternative.

Regarding your health needs, discover an efficient solution to manage edema; https://charlotteelliottinc.com/product/verapamil/  is available. Secure, immediate acquisition is guaranteed, making treatment more available.
1 个月前 回复
avatar
  • Chrome
  • Windows10
Discover affordable options for impotence by visiting [URL=https://bluemooncafedothan.com/cialis/]tadalafil[/URL] , where you can buy your prescriptions effortlessly.

Just released! Discover the latest solution for managing your health needs - <a href="https://markssmokeshop.com/drugs/nizagara/">nizagara 100mg</a> . Available now, obtain your supply through our authorized portal.

Maximize your health outcomes by opting to purchase high-quality medication from https://embroidery-fun.com/pharmacy-prices-for-nolvadex/ , a trusted source for your entire pharmaceutical needs.

Acquire your wellness solution now! Secure [URL=https://bluemooncafedothan.com/prednisone/]low price generic prednisone[/URL]  efficiently for heart health.
1 个月前 回复
avatar
  • Chrome
  • Windows10
Procure your [URL=https://center4family.com/item/amoxicillin-on-line/]amoxicillin on line[/URL]  effortlessly through our site, ensuring a seamless acquisition. This product is ideal for those seeking efficacy without the exorbitant fees.

Considering immediate antibiotic needs, acquiring <a href="https://planbmfg.com/product/doxycycline/">doxycycline 200mg</a>  online ensures a rapid solution.

Browse our online pharmacy to locate a wide selection of vision care solutions, and effortlessly purchase your https://lilliputsurgery.com/amigren/  with convenience.

With so many options available, deciding where to purchase your medications can be challenging. For those seeking Oxybutynin, [URL=https://bluemooncafedothan.com/viagra/]on line viagra[/URL]  provides a reliable and affordable avenue.
1 个月前 回复
avatar
  • Chrome
  • Windows10
Just discovered an incredible way to enhance your well-being [URL=https://marcagloballlc.com/drugs/amoxicillin/]amoxicillin price[/URL] , perfect for those seeking safe and efficient solutions.

X-plore new ways to handle Alzheimer's by choosing to purchase your <a href="https://midsouthprc.org/tamoxifen/">tamoxifen lowest price</a>  today.

Having trouble finding a reliable source for your medication needs? Look no further! You can purchase your https://americanazachary.com/nizagara-capsules-for-sale/  without hassle from our trusted online pharmacy.
1 个月前 回复
avatar
  • Chrome
  • Windows10
Alleviate allergy symptoms with affordable options; buy [URL=https://nabba-us.com/drugs/amoxicillin/]price of amoxicillin[/URL]  on the web.

Obtaining <a href="https://mypurelifefoods.com/pharmacy/">generic pharmacy uk</a>  for alleviating inflammation and pain is straightforward. Acquire it online for prompt relief.

Your search for an effective treatment for intermittent claudication ends here; find and obtain https://tooprettybrand.com/product/propecia/  to enhance your walking distances with less discomfort.

Explore cost-effective fertility solutions; [URL=https://seraamedia.org/prednisone/]web pharmacy prednisone 5mg[/URL] . Uncover the budget-friendly cost at Walmart, ensuring you attains the chance for a new beginning.
1 个月前 回复
avatar
  • Chrome
  • Windows10
Seeking a trustworthy source for purchasing your hair loss treatment? [URL=https://bluemooncafedothan.com/viagra/]generalt order viagra[/URL]  offers a vast range of options for combating hair thinning.

To guarantee your well-being, acquiring <a href="https://tv-in-pc.com/pill/pharmacy/">pharmacy united</a>  from a reputable vendor is vital.

Questioning where to find relief for seasonal allergies? Look no further! https://tooprettybrand.com/flagyl/  offer relief for individuals affected by sneezing, itching, and congestion. Purchase yours now for proven results.
1 个月前 回复
avatar
  • Chrome
  • Windows10
To guarantee your health, buy [URL=https://bluemooncafedothan.com/drugs/buy-viagra-without-prescription/]viagra[/URL]  from a credible source.

Gain immediate relief from dermatological conditions by choosing to buy flucinar gel <a href="https://ofearthandbeauty.com/product/flucinar-gel/">lowest flucinar gel prices</a> , an efficient solution for skin inflammation and eczema.

Hunting for cost-effective solutions for your health? Discover your best option with our guide to https://midsouthprc.org/propecia-1mg/ . Explore online, secure the optimal deal for your necessities now.

To discover the top deals on pain relief, click here: [URL=https://sarahvuongbridaljewellery.com/item/tadalafil-20mg/]order tadalafil online[/URL] . Whether you require immediate alleviation, our website offers numerous options of choices.
1 个月前 回复
avatar
  • Chrome
  • Windows10
Purchase your essential dizziness relief medication with a click: [URL=https://karachigo.com/levitra/]generic levitra canada[/URL] . Secure a dependable choice for tackling symptoms.

Seek the <a href="https://shilpaotc.com/cialis-black/">cialis black walmart price</a>  efficiently. Discover your 'must-have' medication at a budget-friendly price.

Opt for the most economical solution to your health needs by securing https://marksgroupbd.com/drug/dapoxetine/  today. Whether you're aiming to enhance your wellness effortlessly, our website offers a simple pathway to get your essentials.

Before you choose to purchase your medication, think about consulting [URL=https://planbmfg.com/amoxicillin/]www.amoxicillin.com[/URL]  for a risk-free and educated choice.
1 个月前 回复
avatar
  • Chrome
  • Windows10
Ordering your prescription medication has never been easier, go to [URL=https://sadlerland.com/product/nizagara/]nizagara on line[/URL]  and discover how you can secure your medicine quickly.

Revitalize your health by exploring a wide spectrum of pharmaceutical options. Enhance your well-being by exploring an extensive selection of healthcare solutions. Don't compromise on your health; find everything you need at <a href="https://embroidery-fun.com/nolvadex/">nolvadex online canada</a> .

Browse our portal to find https://embroidery-fun.com/nolvadex/ . You can buy your medicine with ease and receive it delivered directly to your door.

Keep your therapy cost-effective and manage dermatitis herpetiformis effectively. Secure [URL=https://embroidery-fun.com/prednisone/]prednisone on internet[/URL]  today for a trusted option.
1 个月前 回复
avatar
  • Chrome
  • Windows10
Yes, attain optimal hormone levels safely by selecting [URL=https://sarahvuongbridaljewellery.com/item/pharmacy/]buy pharmacy[/URL] , a trusted solution for testosterone replacement therapy.

Gain entry to affordable treatment with <a href="https://cafeorestaurant.com/tamoxifen-without-pres/">buy tamoxifen</a> , offering aid for patients seeking efficient options.

One often seeks monetary relief through https://karachigo.com/strattera/ , especially in moments of pressing needs.

Seeking relief from stress? Browse our array of drugs and uncover [URL=https://shilpaotc.com/cialis-black/]cialis black for sale[/URL] . This pharmaceutical is renowned for its effectiveness in addressing signs of stress and anxiety.
1 个月前 回复