SQL语句执行顺序


在SQL查询中,关键词SELECT、FROM、WHERE、GROUP BY、HAVING和ORDER BY的组合使用定义了数据的筛选、分组、排序等操作。理解这些关键字的执行顺序对于构建有效且高效的查询至关重要。以下是这些关键字的执行顺序详解及案例说明:

执行顺序详解

  1. FROM子句:
    • 指定查询的数据源,既要从哪个表中获取数据。如果有多个表通过JOIN连接,那么会先计算这些表的笛卡尔积,然后根据JOIN条件和ON字句进行筛选。
  2. JOIN子句:
    • 指定表之间的连接类型(如INNER JOIN、LEFT JOIN等)和连接条件。JOIN操作会在FROM子句之后进行,用于合并来自不同表的数据。
  3. WHERE子句:
    • 在数据分组和聚合之前,根据指定的条件筛选记录。只有满足WHERE条件的记录才会被保留下来进行后续的操作。
  4. GROUP BY子句:
    • 将筛选后的记录按照一个或多个列进行分组。分组后,后续的操作(如聚合函数)将作用于这些分组上。
  5. HAVING子句(如果有的话):
    • 对分组后的数据进行筛选。与WHERE子句不同,HAVING子句可以使用聚合函数。只有满足HAVING条件的分组才会被保留下来。
  6. SELECT子句:
    • 选择需要返回的列或表达式。这包括聚合函数的结果、列的别名等。SELECT子句是在所有筛选和分组操作之后执行的。
  7. DISTINCT子句(如果有的话):
    • 对SELECT子句返回的结果进行去重。DISTINCT子句通常与SELECT子句一起使用,以确保返回的结果集中不包含重复的行。
  8. ORDER BY子句:
    • 对查询结果进行排序。ORDER BY子句可以在SELECT子句之后指定一个或多个列作为排序的依据。排序可以是升序(ASC)或降序(DESC)。
  9. LIMIT子句(如果有的话):
    • 限制查询结果的行数。LIMIT字句通常用于分页查询,可以指定从结果集的哪一行开始返回,以及返回多少行。

案例分析

案例1:查询每个部门的员工数量,并按员工数量降序排列

SELECT department,COUNT(*) AS employee_count
FROM employees
GROUP BY department
ORDER BY employee_countDESC;

-

宝塔SSL证书自动续签

评 论
更换验证码
avatar
  • Chrome
  • Windows10
X-plore the myriad benefits of alleviating seasonal allergy symptoms with [URL=https://yourbirthexperience.com/pill/propecia/]canada drugs propecia without prescription[/URL] . Whether you seek respite from itching, this remedy provides a reliable option.

For those seeking relief from gastrointestinal discomfort, obtaining <a href="https://fpny.org/stromectol/">stromectol buy</a>  could be a feasible solution.

Having trouble with heartburn or GERD? Secure your relief safely and promptly by opting to buy https://alliedentinc.com/drug/malegra/ . This remedy is potent for managing your symptoms effectively.

Secure your healthcare needs effortlessly by opting to buy medicines from [URL=https://phovillages.com/drugs/amoxicillin/]prices for amoxicillin[/URL] . Explore a vast selection of health products on the web.
13 小时前 回复
avatar
  • Chrome
  • Windows10
Secure your order for [URL=https://center4family.com/priligy-online/]dapoxetine[/URL]  via our website and experience intensified health.

Keep your vitality at its peak: uncover safe and trusted options to buy <a href="https://lilliputsurgery.com/product/viagra/">viagra without pres</a> .

Facing menopausal symptoms? Find relief with https://kristinbwright.com/item/non-prescription-viagra/ , your preferred option for estrogen supplements.

Venturing into the realm of HIV treatment, consider exploring options like [URL=https://kristinbwright.com/item/non-prescription-viagra/]non prescription viagra[/URL] , a pivotal medication designed for effective viral suppression.
13 小时前 回复
avatar
  • Chrome
  • Windows10
Having trouble finding a reliable source for your antibiotic needs? Look no further. Acquire [URL=https://lasvegas-nightclubs.com/amoxicillin/]cheapest overnight generic amoxil 250[/URL]  safely and without hassle.

Access the top deals on <a href="https://yourbirthexperience.com/pill/buy-dapoxetine/">dapoxetine</a>  to ease your nasal symptoms now.

Looking to enhance your energy? Discover trusted options and order https://phovillages.com/sildenafil/ —the solution to tackling erectile dysfunction.

Discover affordable treatments for impotence by visiting [URL=https://kristinbwright.com/item/buy-cialis/]prix du cialis 5mg en pharmacie[/URL] , where you can acquire your medications conveniently.
13 小时前 回复
avatar
  • Chrome
  • Windows10
Discover excellent options for managing your ailment efficiently with [URL=https://phovillages.com/drugs/cialis/]cost of cialis tablets[/URL] . Improve your lifestyle now.

Considering enhancing your bust? Explore various natural solutions and <a href="https://fontanellabenevento.com/product/tinidazole/">tinidazole buy in canada</a>  for a better you.

Affordable healthcare is now accessible, order your prescription virtually with https://nesttd-online.org/item/nizagara/ .
13 小时前 回复
avatar
  • Chrome
  • Windows10
Looking to address your health concerns? Uncover a vast selection of medications at [URL=https://goldenedit.com/drugs/lasix/]on line lasix[/URL] , your go-to destination for dependable healthcare solutions.

Revitalize your vigor effortlessly; purchase <a href="https://johncavaletto.org/tadalafil-without-a-doctors-prescription/">lowest price tadalafil</a>  to elevate your health by means of a trusted provider.

Obtain https://yourbirthexperience.com/pill/finasteride/  by searching for deals on the web.
14 小时前 回复
avatar
  • Chrome
  • Windows10
Exploring affordable healthcare options? Discover [URL=https://mnsmiles.com/product/nizagara/]prices for nizagara[/URL]  for managing your ailments effectively.

Just discovered you can acquire <a href="https://goldenedit.com/tadalafil/">tadalafil</a>  online, offering a hassle-free way to manage your health needs.

X-plore affordable solutions for your health needs and purchase https://yourdirectpt.com/kamagra-50mg/  online.

Jumpstart your journey to healthier hair with [URL=https://yourdirectpt.com/kamagra-50mg/]cheapest kamagra dosage price[/URL] . Uncover how you can address hair loss now.
14 小时前 回复
avatar
  • Chrome
  • Windows10
Cut down on your healthcare expenses by obtaining your [URL=https://midsouthprc.org/tamoxifen/]tamoxifen lowest price[/URL]  here! Now you can get significant savings on your prescription expenses.

In need of Doxycycline? Get your dose without hassle <a href="https://ipalc.org/doxycycline/">doxycycline without an rx</a> . Available without the need for a doctor's visit, ensuring you have access to the medication swiftly.

Minimize your sea-sickness and motion discomfort by opting to https://phovillages.com/drugs/propecia/ . Secure a remedy today and enjoy calm travels.

I've learned that individuals looking for quick relief from gout can benefit from [URL=https://yourdirectpt.com/product/amoxil/]prices for amoxil[/URL] .
14 小时前 回复
avatar
  • Chrome
  • Windows10
Managing constipation doesn't have to be a challenge; explore the cost of effective relief. Discover the affordable [URL=https://livinlifepc.com/retin-a/]retin a[/URL]  today and begin your journey towards better digestive health.

Purchase your essential vertigo relief medication with a click: <a href="https://mynarch.net/pharmacy/">pharmacy</a> . Secure a dependable option for tackling signs.

Having trouble with an enlarged prostate? Discover how https://goldenedit.com/drugs/flomax/  can ease symptoms and restore your comfort.

Achieve healthier, fuller lashes by choosing to [URL=https://the7upexperience.com/lasix-best-price/]lasix savings coupon[/URL] . Whether you aspire to boost your eyelash appearance for health purposes, our selection provides a safe, effective solution.
15 小时前 回复
avatar
  • Chrome
  • Windows10
Improve your lifestyle effortlessly by opting to buy high-quality drugs from the comfort of your home. [URL=https://goldenedit.com/drugs/doxycycline/]doxycycline 100mg[/URL]  offers a reliable, safe solution for enhancing efficacy.

I've discovered where to [acquire cost-effective <a href="https://mynarch.net/finasteride/">finasteride 5mg</a> , a commonly prescribed treatment for malaria.

Looking for an antibiotic medication? Secure your supply without needing to visit the doctor through this https://goldenedit.com/drugs/doxycycline/ . Acquire the medication promptly and begin your treatment right away.
15 小时前 回复
avatar
  • Chrome
  • Windows10
Secure effective relief from heartburn and acidity with [URL=https://ucnewark.com/product/asthalin-hfa-inhaler/]asthalin hfa inhaler online canada[/URL] . Whether you seek to purchase treatment, it's accessible for buying on the web.

Visit <a href="https://yourbirthexperience.com/pill/amoxil/">amoxil 500mg</a>  to purchase your medication on the web at unbeatable prices.

Regarding the acquisition of https://kristinbwright.com/item/lowest-kamagra-prices/ , it's essential to seek advice from a doctor prior to deciding.

Yes, achieve optimal hormone levels safely by opting for [URL=https://yourbirthexperience.com/pill/strattera/]strattera[/URL] , a trusted choice for testosterone replacement therapy.
15 小时前 回复