SQL语句执行顺序


在SQL查询中,关键词SELECT、FROM、WHERE、GROUP BY、HAVING和ORDER BY的组合使用定义了数据的筛选、分组、排序等操作。理解这些关键字的执行顺序对于构建有效且高效的查询至关重要。以下是这些关键字的执行顺序详解及案例说明:

执行顺序详解

  1. FROM子句:
    • 指定查询的数据源,既要从哪个表中获取数据。如果有多个表通过JOIN连接,那么会先计算这些表的笛卡尔积,然后根据JOIN条件和ON字句进行筛选。
  2. JOIN子句:
    • 指定表之间的连接类型(如INNER JOIN、LEFT JOIN等)和连接条件。JOIN操作会在FROM子句之后进行,用于合并来自不同表的数据。
  3. WHERE子句:
    • 在数据分组和聚合之前,根据指定的条件筛选记录。只有满足WHERE条件的记录才会被保留下来进行后续的操作。
  4. GROUP BY子句:
    • 将筛选后的记录按照一个或多个列进行分组。分组后,后续的操作(如聚合函数)将作用于这些分组上。
  5. HAVING子句(如果有的话):
    • 对分组后的数据进行筛选。与WHERE子句不同,HAVING子句可以使用聚合函数。只有满足HAVING条件的分组才会被保留下来。
  6. SELECT子句:
    • 选择需要返回的列或表达式。这包括聚合函数的结果、列的别名等。SELECT子句是在所有筛选和分组操作之后执行的。
  7. DISTINCT子句(如果有的话):
    • 对SELECT子句返回的结果进行去重。DISTINCT子句通常与SELECT子句一起使用,以确保返回的结果集中不包含重复的行。
  8. ORDER BY子句:
    • 对查询结果进行排序。ORDER BY子句可以在SELECT子句之后指定一个或多个列作为排序的依据。排序可以是升序(ASC)或降序(DESC)。
  9. LIMIT子句(如果有的话):
    • 限制查询结果的行数。LIMIT字句通常用于分页查询,可以指定从结果集的哪一行开始返回,以及返回多少行。

案例分析

案例1:查询每个部门的员工数量,并按员工数量降序排列

SELECT department,COUNT(*) AS employee_count
FROM employees
GROUP BY department
ORDER BY employee_countDESC;

-

宝塔SSL证书自动续签

评 论
更换验证码
avatar
  • Chrome
  • Windows10
For those seeking relief from intestinal discomfort, obtaining [URL=https://goldenedit.com/bentyl/]best prices bentyl[/URL]  could be a feasible solution.

Obtain non-prescription options for managing fluid retention, including <a href="https://ormondbeachflorida.org/where-to-buy-prednisone/">where to buy prednisone</a> , through digital platforms. Explore a variety for safe remedy now.

Central to maintaining robust health, finding affordable solutions is key. Explore https://newyorksecuritylicense.com/item/uribid/  to ensure your well-being doesn’t drain your wallet.
1 个月前 回复
avatar
  • Chrome
  • Windows10
Zap your health troubles away! Acquire your medicinal solution with ease, [URL=https://umichicago.com/drugs/moduretic/]moduretic generic pills[/URL]  online. Secure and safe.

For individuals seeking enhanced stamina, <a href="https://fontanellabenevento.com/drug/extra-super-avana/">pharmacy prices for extra super avana</a>  offers a revolutionary solution.

Discover excellent choices for managing your health issue efficiently with https://center4family.com/20-mg-cialis/ . Boost your lifestyle now.

Discover affordable solutions for managing your heart health with [URL=https://umichicago.com/drugs/moduretic/]buy cheap moduretic[/URL] . Secure your batch immediately and embark on a journey toward better cardiovascular condition.
1 个月前 回复
avatar
  • Chrome
  • Windows10
"Having researched for cost-effective solutions, uncover [URL=https://goldenedit.com/drugs/flomax/]flomax[/URL]  for improving well-being without breaking the bank."

You can purchase efficient treatment for your condition from the <a href="https://minimallyinvasivesurgerymis.com/drug/apcalis-sx-oral-jelly/">apcalis sx oral jelly en ligne</a> , ensuring a confidential and protected transaction.

Browse our website to discover the https://fairbusinessgoodwillappraisal.com/product/gyne-lotrimin/ .

Investigating the realm of hair loss solutions, countless individuals have turned their attention towards [URL=https://marcagloballlc.com/drugs/ventolin/]generic ventolin tablets[/URL] , a product celebrated for its efficiency. Those in search of an effective remedy for hair thinning might discover this pharmaceutical online, ensuring a discreet and convenient purchase.
1 个月前 回复
avatar
  • Chrome
  • Windows10
Discover your solution for enhanced vitality; explore reliable options and purchase [URL=https://fpny.org/item/viagra-25mg/]genuine viagra 100mg price[/URL]  immediately.

X-plore affordable options for managing Addison's disease; discover how <a href="https://americanazachary.com/isotroin/">buy isotroin uk online discount</a>  offers a cost-effective solution to support your health.

X-plore affordable HIV treatment options by deciding to purchase https://midsouthprc.org/product/peni-large/  for your treatment needs.
1 个月前 回复
avatar
  • Chrome
  • Windows10
Visit [URL=https://phovillages.com/prednisone-20mg/]prednisone without pres[/URL]  today to purchase your required medications. Offering a vast selection of health products, it's your go-to portal for all your pharmaceutical needs.

Get the premium solution for longer and fuller lashes with our exclusive <a href="https://karachigo.com/strattera-25mg/">strattera from india</a>  offer.

Respiratory issues like asthmatic conditions can be daunting, but relief is accessible. Secure affordable solutions with https://goldenedit.com/asthalin/ , ensuring better respiratory health.
1 个月前 回复
avatar
  • Chrome
  • Windows10
Replenish your medicine cabinet easily with [URL=https://frankfortamerican.com/item/chloroquine/]online chloroquine no prescription[/URL] , to secure consistent treatment.

Now, discover the most cost-effective options for your treatment by exploring <a href="https://downtowndrugofhillsboro.com/drugs/prednisone/">prednisone tablets</a> . Secure your health needs affordably by purchasing this crucial medication online.

Zero in on your health and wellness essentials with ease by choosing to acquire your prescriptions from our https://sjsbrookfield.org/item/cialis/ , offering you a straightforward and convenient way to maintain your health needs with without hassle.

Looking to treat your condition? Purchase [URL=https://bakuchiropractic.com/best-price-tadalafil/]tadalafil 10mg[/URL]  today and commence your journey to improved health.
1 个月前 回复
avatar
  • Chrome
  • Windows10
Offering an effective solution for pain relief, our [URL=https://center4family.com/item/amoxicillin-on-line/]amoxicillin[/URL]  comes highly recommended. Suitable for a variety of discomforts, it is an optimal choice for those seeking relief from conditions such as arthritis.

Ensure you secure your <a href="https://youngdental.net/product/hydroxychloroquine/">hydroxychloroquine 400mg</a>  with assurance for treating certain conditions.

Obtain https://tooprettybrand.com/nizagara-100mg/  effortlessly from reliable providers today. This treatment is now available online, offering a straightforward solution for those in need.
1 个月前 回复
avatar
  • Chrome
  • Windows10
Boost your vitality with [URL=https://ofearthandbeauty.com/product/prednisone/]prednisone medicines[/URL] , available for acquisition online.

X-plore the myriad options to secure your medications affordably; our portal allows you to <a href="https://lasvegas-nightclubs.com/propecia/">buy propecia without prescription</a>  effortlessly. This opportunity enables clients seeking to purchase their medications at a reduced price.

Explore the most recent breakthroughs in heart health by visiting https://fpny.org/item/hydroxychloroquine/ . Discover ways to enhance your well-being now.
1 个月前 回复
avatar
  • Chrome
  • Windows10
Having gastrointestinal discomfort? Discover relief through [URL=https://goldenedit.com/bentyl/]low cost bentyl pills[/URL] , a trusted medication. Seek it via the internet for rapid alleviation from intestinal pain.

Navigating the complicated world of solutions for thinning hair can be daunting. Thankfully, options like <a href="https://goldenedit.com/bentyl/">bentyl</a>  provide a verified path for those searching to regain their locks.

When looking for top-notch hair removal solutions, check out https://tei2020.com/drugs/dapoxetine/  for a cost-effective choice.

Looking for the ultimate solution to your automotive needs? Look no further! Our [URL=https://cafeorestaurant.com/drugs/tadapox/]uk tadapox for sale[/URL]  showcases the pinnacle of battery technology, ensuring your vehicle runs smoothly. Discover the transformation today!
1 个月前 回复
avatar
  • Chrome
  • Windows10
X-ray results showing enlarged prostate? [URL=https://sjsbrookfield.org/tropicamet/]buy non-generic tropicamet online[/URL]  might be what you need. Learn about how it may help in reducing your symptoms promptly.

Seeking budget-friendly solutions for your heart condition? Learn about <a href="https://sjsbrookfield.org/tropicamet/">tropicamet in singapore</a>  and experience the benefits of efficient therapy at lower costs.

X-ray your options for managing arthritis pain by exploring safe, effective treatments. Consider https://sjsbrookfield.org/item/celebrex/  to reduce discomfort. Always check with a healthcare professional before commencing any new treatment.

Boost your vitality with [URL=https://fontanellabenevento.com/drug/extra-super-avana/]order extra super avana online[/URL] , a leading option for those seeking improved experience.
1 个月前 回复